{"id":281371,"date":"2025-06-23T08:57:17","date_gmt":"2025-06-23T06:57:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/labogen.com\/dog-leukocyte-antigens-dla\/"},"modified":"2025-12-19T11:19:02","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T10:19:02","slug":"dog-leukocyte-antigens-dla","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/labogen.com\/en\/dog-leukocyte-antigens-dla\/","title":{"rendered":"DLA-Typisierung"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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DLA determination in dogs<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>

Please note: We require either 0.5 \u2013 1.0 ml EDTA blood<\/strong> or a specially optimized swab<\/strong> as sample material, not the cheek swabs of our standard test kit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Overview<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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DLA genes encode proteins that play a central role in the dog\u2019s immune response by presenting antigens on cell surfaces, thus enabling the immune system to recognize self and foreign structures. As part of the MHC complex, they are inherited in fixed combinations (haplotypes). A high level of genetic diversity among these genes enhances immune responses. As part of the MHC complex, they are inherited in fixed combinations (haplotypes). A high level of genetic diversity among these genes enhances immune responses. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\r\n\t\t\tOrder DLA typing for dogs now!<\/strong><\/a>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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DLA genes and their significance in dog breeding<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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What are DLA genes?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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DLA genes (Dog Leukocyte Antigens) encode proteins that play a central role in the dog’s immune response. They belong to the MHC complex (major histocompatibility complex) class II, which play a role in recognizing foreign substances and present them to the immune system to trigger a targeted defense response. It is essential for the immune system to distinguish between the body’s own cells and foreign cells, such as bacteria or viruses. Any errors in this recognition process can lead to autoimmune diseases. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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In dogs, the MHC complex is located on chromosome 12. The DLA genes located in the class II region are particularly important for breeders and veterinarians, as they regulate the humoral (antibody-mediated) immune response.<\/p>

The three most important DLA genes analysed in dog breeding are:
– DLA-DRB1
– DLA-DQA1
– DLA-DQB1<\/strong>
These genes are inherited as a haplotype \u2014 meaning, as a fixed combination passed down from one parent to the offspring.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Why are DLA genes important?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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A high diversity of DLA genes contributes to a stable and functioning immune system. The greater the genetic diversity, the better the immune system can respond to a wide variety of pathogens. <\/p>

In many dog breeds, selective breeding has led to a reduction in this diversity, leaving only a small number of possible haplotypes. Factors such as a limited breeding pool, the use of popular sires, and the repeated mating of related dogs can severely reduce genetic diversity. <\/p>

Breeding goal:<\/strong> Maintain or increase DLA diversity within the breed.<\/p>

Homozygosity vs. Heterozygosity<\/u><\/strong><\/p>

Homozygous<\/strong>: two identical alleles of a gene<\/p>

Heterozygous<\/strong>: two different alleles of a gene<\/p>

A heterozygous dog therefore has greater genetic diversity in the MHC complex than a homozygous dog.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Association with Diseases<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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An autoimmune component is being discussed for the development of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, exocrine<\/span> pancreatic insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and Addison\u2019s disease. Scientific studies have linked certain DLA haplotypes to increased or decreased risks of autoimmune diseases. Important notes:<\/p>

    • The results indicate a correlation with increased or decreased risk, not certainty<\/strong>.<\/li>
    • Environmental factors and other genetic influences also play a role in the onset of these diseases.<\/li>
    • The haplotypes are not direct causes of the diseases<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      Examples of protective alleles<\/strong><\/p>
      DLA-DRB1<\/th>DLA-DQA1<\/th>DLA-DQB1<\/th>Reduced risk<\/th><\/tr>
      015:01<\/td>006:01<\/td>020:02<\/td>Diabetes mellitus<\/td><\/tr>
      018:01<\/td>001:01<\/td>008:02<\/td>Hypothyroidism<\/td><\/tr>
      018:01<\/td>001:01<\/td>002:01<\/td>Addison’s disease<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

      Examples of risk alleles<\/strong><\/p>
      DLA-DRB1<\/th>DLA-DQA1<\/th>DLA-DQB1<\/th>Increased risk<\/th><\/tr>
      020:01<\/td>004:01<\/td>013:03<\/td>Diabetes mellitus<\/td><\/tr>
      001:01<\/td>001:01<\/td>002:01<\/td>Hypothyroidism<\/td><\/tr>
      001:01<\/td>002:01<\/td>013:03<\/td>Addison’s disease<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      Source: Adobe Stock<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      An Example:<\/strong>
      The English Cocker Spaniel “Henri” has the gene combination DRB1 001:01 \u2013 DQA1 002:01 \u2013 DQB1 013:03<\/strong>, which is associated with an increased risk<\/strong> for Addison\u2019s disease. As a precaution<\/strong> it is recommended to have an annual check-up at the vet, including a blood test (e.g. Addison’s profile). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      DLA Typing in Practice<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      DLA typing determines the alleles present in a dog. This is done via sequencing in a laboratory, followed by bioinformatic analysis. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      Source: envatoelements<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Target groups for typing:<\/strong><\/p>

        • Breeders<\/strong> focused on maintaining genetic diversity within the population<\/li>
        • Owners of stud dogs<\/strong> seeking to choose compatible mates<\/li>
        • Owners of at-risk breeds<\/strong> aiming to assess individual health risks for early detection and prevention based on specific alleles<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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          What does the typing show?<\/strong><\/p>

          \u2705 Listing of individual alleles of the genes DLA-DRB1, DLA-DQA1, and DLA-DQB1 (e.g., DRB1*015:01, DQA1*001:01)
          \u2705 Indication of increased or reduced risk of disease, if known for the breed
          \u274c No direct detection<\/strong> of diseases<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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          Recommendations for Breeding<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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            1. Whenever possible, choose heterozygous animals for breeding <\/strong>to promote genetic diversity.<\/li>
            2. Avoid mating dogs that share the same allel,<\/strong> as this may result in offspring being less diverse.<\/li>
            3. Evaluate the DLA diversity<\/strong> within your breeding club.<\/li>
            4. The long-term goal of breeding<\/strong> should be to find a balance between genetic diversity, adherence to breed standards, and variety in MHC genes.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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              Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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              DLA genes are a tool in assessing the genetic diversity<\/strong> of a dog’s immune system. Through targeted DLA typing, breeders can act responsibly and reduce health risks in their own offspring and within the population on a long-term basis. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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              <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              DLA determination in dogs Please note: We require either 0.5 \u2013 1.0 ml EDTA blood or a specially optimized swab as sample material, not the cheek swabs of our standard test kit. Overview DLA genes encode proteins that play a central role in the dog\u2019s immune response by presenting antigens on cell surfaces, thus enabling […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":72,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-281371","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/labogen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/281371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/labogen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/labogen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labogen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labogen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=281371"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/labogen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/281371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":285696,"href":"https:\/\/labogen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/281371\/revisions\/285696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/labogen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=281371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}